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  1. #1
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    ”Ήl : ƒI[ƒXƒgƒƒlƒVƒAŒn‚ΜŒΓ‘γ“ϊ–{•”‘°
    Hayato : An Austronesian speaking tribe in southern Japan

    http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110000577490/en/

    * Earliest ancient Chinese history chronicle identified black-teeth indigenous islanders populated present day southern foremost Japanese archipelago.

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    Origin of Japanese

    Quote Originally Posted by tokapi View Post
    ”Ήl : ƒI[ƒXƒgƒƒlƒVƒAŒn‚ΜŒΓ‘γ“ϊ–{•”‘°
    Hayato : An Austronesian speaking tribe in southern Japan
    http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110000577490/en/
    * Earliest ancient Chinese history chronicle identified black-teeth indigenous islanders populated present day southern foremost Japanese archipelago.
    The article is published in 1998, and did not link with updated results of genetic science. Before you post, please give a courtesy of citing publication years and at least an abstract of article.

    You are also stating something not in the article. Please be cautious on the use of academic materials.

    Quote Originally Posted by tokapi
    Don't forget the view that Northeast Asians (Ainu) mixed with South East Asians ( Malayo-Polynesian speaking peoples) to form the Jomon People.
    Your view is new to me, and to mainstream geneticist. Ainu is usually not grouped with Northeast Asian. South east asian is not an isolate gene stock, and known to share the Haplogroup O with all of East Asia, the dominant among East Asians including Southern Han Chinese, Northern Han Chinese.

    For details of mainstream geneticist view of Japanese origin, please find the below, and I hope it useful to you.

    Genetics
    PNAS | August 28, 2001 | vol. 98 | no. 18 | 10244-10249

    The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity

    R. Spencer Wellsa,b, Nadira Yuldashevaa,c, Ruslan Ruzibakievc, Peter A. Underhilld, Irina Evseevae, Jason Blue-Smithd, Li Jinf, Bing Suf, Ramasamy Pitchappang, Sadagopal Shanmugalakshmig, Karuppiah Balakrishnang, Mark Readh, Nathaniel M. Pearsoni, Tatiana Zerjalj, Matthew T. Websterk, Irakli Zholoshvilil, Elena Jamarjashvilil, Spartak Gambarovm, Behrouz Nikbinn, Ashur Dostievo, Ogonazar Aknazarovp, Pierre Zallouaq, Igor Tsoyr, Mikhail Kitaevs, Mirsaid Mirrakhimovs, Ashir Charievt, and Walter F. Bodmera,u

    ABSTRACT
    The nonrecombining portion of the human Y chromosome has proven to be a valuable tool for the study of population history. The maintenance of extended haplotypes characteristic of particular geographic regions, despite extensive admixture, allows complex demographic events to be deconstructed. In this study we report the frequencies of 23 Y-chromosome biallelic polymorphism haplotypes in 1,935 men from 49 Eurasian populations, with a particular focus on Central Asia. These haplotypes reveal traces of historical migrations, and provide an insight into the earliest patterns of settlement of anatomically modern humans on the Eurasian continent. Central Asia is revealed to be an important reservoir of genetic diversity, and the source of at least three major waves of migration leading into Europe, the Americas, and India. The genetic results are interpreted in the context of Eurasian linguistic patterns.



    Cranial Morphology
    http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/171305898v1

    Anthropology
    Old World sources of the first New World human inhabitants: A comparative craniofacial view

    C. Loring Brace*,, A. Russell Nelson*,, Noriko Seguchi*, Hiroaki Oe˜, Leslie Sering*, Pan Qifengχ, Li Yongyi, and Dashtseveg Tumen**
    * Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071; ˜ Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; χ Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 27 Wangfujing Dajie, Beijing 100710, China; Department of Anatomy, Chengdu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 13 Xing Lo Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; and ** Department of Anthropology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar-51, Mongolia

    Communicated by Kent V. Flannery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, June 18, 2001 (received for review January 2, 2001)

    Abstract
    Human craniofacial data were used to assess the similarities and differences between recent and prehistoric Old World samples, and between these samples and a similar representation of samples from the New World. The data were analyzed by the neighbor-joining clustering procedure, assisted by bootstrapping and by canonical discriminant analysis score plots. The first entrants to the Western Hemisphere of maybe 15,000 years ago gave rise to the continuing native inhabitants south of the U.S.-Canadian border. These show no close association with any known mainland Asian population. Instead they show ties to the Ainu of Hokkaido and their Jomon predecessors in prehistoric Japan and to the Polynesians of remote Oceania. All of these also have ties to the Pleistocene and recent inhabitants of Europe and may represent an extension from a Late Pleistocene continuum of people across the northern fringe of the Old World. With roots in both the northwest and the northeast, these people can be described as Eurasian. The route of entry to the New World was at the northwestern edge. In contrast, the Inuit (Eskimo), the Aleut, and the Na-Dene speakers who had penetrated as far as the American Southwest within the last 1,000 years show more similarities to the mainland populations of East Asia. Although both the earlier and later arrivals in the New World show a mixture of traits characteristic of the northern edge of Old World occupation and the Chinese core of mainland Asia, the proportion of the latter is greater for the more recent entrants.



    Fig. 4. A dendrogram based on the samples used to construct Fig. 3, plus a Bronze Age Mongolian group and four others from the Western Hemisphere. (A) The neighbor-joining method was used on 1,000 bootstrap samplings to generate the pattern displayed. (B) The relationships among the groups are also displayed by canonical discriminant function scores. The first discriminant function accounts for 48% of total variation, and the second accounts for 16%.

    Japanese has multiple origins, and I can briefly categorize them into three categories.

    (1) Yayoi (North East Asian) Japanese (Continental, Korean, Manchus, Mongols)

    (2) Yayoi (South East Asian) Japanese (Continental, Han Chinese, Hmong, Vietnamese, Cambodian, Thais, Phillipinos)

    (3) Jomon Japanese (Emishi-tohoku, Ainu-hokkaido, Kumaso-kagoshima, Ryukyuan-okinawa, and people rooted in shikoku and kanto, and others who interbreds with Yayoi. Note: Ancient Japanese Knight's class', samurai, crania were known to be much common with Ainu.)

    The Emishi: What Anthropology tells us
    http://www.emishi-ezo.net/emishi_anthro.html

    Who Were the Emishi?
    http://www.isn.ne.jp/%7Esuzutayu/MHJ...hosEmishi.html

    The pictures below were from emshi-ezo.net.


    Last edited by Color red; Feb 24, 2008 at 03:51. Reason: Automerged Doublepost

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