the grammatical structure (subject + object + verb)
the particules (wa, ga, wo, ni...)
memorizing the vocabulary (too different from other languages)
the untranslatable cultural words (irasshaimase, ojama shimasu...)
the verbs forms (-rareru, -te, -ttara...)
the politeness levels (keigo...)
the writing (especially the kanji)
understanding katakana words
the pronuciation
other (non listed, please specify)
For me, it's mainly particles and keigo. I suck at particles, and even native Japanese speakers find keigo difficult, so what hope do I have?
Grammar can be difficult too. The different ordering of sentences doesn't throw me, but knowing the nuances between similar grammars is what's truly confusing.
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