What's the origin of the Japanese people ?

[Grimmo]

Fig. 2. Frequency distributions of the eight Y-chromosome haplotypes for the 14 global populations, with their approximate geographic locations. The frequencies of the eight haplotypes are shown as colored pie charts (for color codes, see upper left insert). JP =Japanese. Han=Chinese

Only four Japanese populations exhibited ht1 (defined only by YAP+) at various frequencies (also see Table 1). The highest frequency (87.5%) was found in JP-Ainu, followed by JP-Okinawa (55.6%) living in the southwestern islands of Japan, JP-Honshu (36.6%), and JP-Kyushu (27.9%). The ht2 haplotype (defined by YAP+/M15+) was found in only two males, one each from Thais and Thai-Khmers; ht3 (defined by YAP+/SRY4064-A) was completely absent in the Asian populations examined, whereas Jewish in the Uzbekistan and African populations had this haplotype with a frequency of 28.3% and 100%, respectively. Thus, the YAP+ lineage was found in restricted populations among Asian populations, consistent with previous reports (Hammer and Horai 1995; Hammer et al. 1997; Shinka et al. 1999).

The ht4 haplotype (defined only by M9-G) was widely distributed among north, east, and southeast Asian populations, except for the Ainu. This haplotype was frequent (60.5%) in overall Asian populations (Table 1). Among them, the Han Chinese and southeast Asian populations were characterized by high frequencies ranging from 81.0% to 96.0%. In contrast to ht4, ht5 (defined by M9-G/DYS257108-A) and ht6 (defined by M9-G/DYS257108-A/SRY10831-A) were small contributors to Asian populations. The highest frequency of ht5 was observed in Nivkhi (19.0%) and that of the ht6 in Thai-Khmers (10.8%). The ht5 haplotype is widely distributed among European, Asian, and Native American populations and is proposed to be one of the candidates for founder haplotypes in the Americas (Karafet et al. 1999). Furthermore, high frequencies of ht6 were observed in north Europe, central Asia, and India (Karafet et al. 1999). Thus, the presence of ht5 in Nivkhi may account for the founder effect of peopling of the Americas.

The ht7 haplotype (defined by RPS4Y-T) was also widely distributed throughout Asia with the exceptions of Malaysia and the Philippines, whereas this was absent in two non-Asian populations. The highest frequency of ht7 was found in Buryats (83.6%), followed by Nivkhi (38.1%). Thus, the geographic distribution of ht7 in Asia appears to contrast with that of ht4.

Only eight individuals (1.4%) in Asia belonged to ht8, which was the major haplotype in Jewish population (Table 1). The ht8 haplotype may not be useful for inferring population relatedness among Asian populations because it is defined by no mutations. Additional Y-polymorphic markers such as M89 and M168 (Underhill et al. 2000; Ke et al. 2001) will be needed to investigate details of the formation of modern Asian population.

[Grimmo]

Group of Ainu people, 1904 photograph, taken in Hokkaido Japan
From Wikipedia "Ainu People"
Due to intermarriage with the Japanese and ongoing absorption into the predominant culture, few living Ainu settlements exist. Many "authentic Ainu villages" advertised in Hokkaido are simply tourist attractions.
If you search the Ainu people over the Web, you will most likely see the fake Ainu people's picture. These are fake japanese pretending to be ainu for tourism

[Grimmo]

Komura Jutaro (Southern Japanese), Minister of Foreign Affair, Harvard Graduate


Akiyama Saneyuki (Southern Japanese), Hero in Japan-Russo War, Vice-Admiral, died in 1918


Akiyama Yoshifuru (Southern Japanese), General, The founder of Japanese Cavalry

[Grimmo]

Average (not necessarily typical) Korean face

http://www.andongkim.com/articles/20...koreanface.htm
Korean scientists allegedly produced what they call, "the average Korean face". The Korean Institute of Science and Technology information (KISTI) working together with the Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy made computer tomographic scans of Koreans last year and with the aid of a supercomputer produced a "digital Korean" -- a 3-D video of the average Korean's physical structure.
Do you see much differences from the northen japanese?
Northern han CHINESE face.
http://www.angle.org/anglonline/?req...e=05&page=0393
Perception of Facial Esthetics by Native Chinese Participants by Using Manipulated Digital Imagery Techniques
Sample population
The Chinese rater group consisted of 85 native Chinese participants from Beijing. Of these raters, 38 were women, and 47 were men (45% women and 55% men). Their mean age was 26.3 ± 5.3 years.
Manipulated digital imagery technique
An adult native Chinese male and female stimulus face (A) was selected for digital distortion (Figures 1 and 2 ). Both subjects were 24 years old and were chosen because they exhibited Class I occlusions with average dental proclination and balanced lower facial skeletal proportions previously established as norms for this population. They were meant to be representative of the average facial profile for this ethnic group. Because the Chinese have a shorter than average anterior cranial base and a dental proclination greater than Caucasian norms, their “normal” profile would be classified, by Caucasian standards, as bimaxillary protrusive.29,30 This profile was selected as representative of the “normal” Chinese participant.

FIGURE 1. The “normal” Chinese male stimulus face (A) with a balance of dental and skeletal proportions

FIGURE 2. The “normal” Chinese female stimulus face (A) with a balance of dental and skeletal proportions

[Grimmo]

YAYOI (KOREAN, chinese, continental-related) Japanese
I will complete my posts of noble Japanese by attaching the pictures of the people who are born in the country which is one of the closest to Korean Peninsula. Choshu.

Japanese Modernization actually comes from the union of Choshu (Yamaguchi-ken, Korea or Continental) and Satsuma (Kagoshima-ken, Native islanders such as Ainu, Ryukyuan, Jomon) Clan. It may be possible to compare the two? I think it is a nice idea to see the immediate differences with the earlier posted picture capturing only native islanders (mainly Satsuma clan).

Let's look at the central japanese people (Yayoi aka Korean), born in Choshu (Yamaguchi-ken). I chose them because of the traditional baku-han system which forbids the moving of people between state defined prefectures. These Samurai belong to their lords regardless of locations, so the most samurai forms secluded community based on some central isle lords like Ouchi, Mouri clans.

Ito Hirobumi, the first prime minister of Japan, born in Choshu


He is a central japanese from Yamaguchi-ken. Geographically, Yamaguchi is one of the closest country to Korea. He could be one of the Korean-origin Japanese.

His obsession with Korea is known by his infamous annexation of Korea.

[Grimmo]

Another Yayoi (aka Korea, China, other continentals) Japanese, Born in Choshu
Okuma Shigenobu, The minister of Foreign Affair

He is from Choshu, Yamaguchi. He is a typical central Japanese.
His look is in contrast to those Shimazu-clan and northern japanese noble.

Katsura Taro, Prime Minister, Born in Choshu (Chinese, Korean, continental, related)



He is the most tactful politician devising the overthrow of Shogun Regime, and hand the power back to imperial family. He was sent to Germany to learn strategy and tactics.

As with Ito Hirobumi, the first prime minister of Japan, his background is humble, and from not so wealthy background.

[Grimmo]

Now Let's assess the Chinese appearance. We'll take samples from the historical figures again for the reasons that they are less subject to the mixes with other asian, or even caucasoids. I tried to choose samples mostly from southern han chinese because of morphological results stating the closer proximity to general japanese population including both jomon and yayoi

Note: Northern and Southern han chinese comprises 90% of total population in china.

Yuan Shikai, Han Chinese General, Republic president, dictator and chinese emperor


K'ung Hsiang-hsi, Chinese Banker and Politician


Name: Sung Chiao-jen (1882–1913) Chinese revolutionary and political leader, later assasinated allegedly by Yuan Shikai.
Ethnicity: han chinese
BirthPlace: unknown
Lineage: unknown




Name: Hu, Die
Ethnicity: han chinese
BirthPlace: Shanghai?
Lineage: unknown



Name: Ruan Lingyu
Birthplace: Shanghai
Ethnicity: Han Chinese
Lineage: Unknown



Name: Chen Duxiu (1879–1942), founder of Chinese Communist Party (Anhui Patriotic Association), Controversial figure as he stayed in Japan for a while. Later became Trotskyist
Birthplaces: Anhui (Central China)
Ethnicity: Han Chinese
Lineage: Unknown




Name: Li Dazhao (1888-1927), Chinese intellectual who cofounded the Communist Party of China with Chen Duxiu in 1921. Studied Political Economy at Waseda University.
Birthplaces: Unknown
Ethnicity: Han Chinese
Lineage: Unknown



Name: Wang Ming (1904-1974) a senior leader of the early Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Birthplace: Anhui
Ethnicity: Han Chinese
Lineage: Unknown




Name: Hu Shih (1891-1962) Chinese philosopher and essayist. He studied at Cornell and Columbia University. Known to be influenced by John Dewey. Important figure in May Fourth Movement.
Birthplace: Shanghai
Ethnicity: Han chinese
Lineages: Ancestry in Anhui

Chen_Duxiu and Hu Shih