the grammatical structure (subject + object + verb)
the particules (wa, ga, wo, ni...)
memorizing the vocabulary (too different from other languages)
the untranslatable cultural words (irasshaimase, ojama shimasu...)
the verbs forms (-rareru, -te, -ttara...)
the politeness levels (keigo...)
the writing (especially the kanji)
understanding katakana words
the pronuciation
other (non listed, please specify)
im a native chinese, so kanji isnt a problem for me, but as those of you said that kanji in japanese has multi pronunciations is difficult, i agree with you totoally on it. in chinese kanji has one pronunciation, sometimes 2 but it is rare. but japanese writing definately needs kanji to convey meaning. a essay with all hiragana is very difficult to read.
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